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ISACA CDPSE certification is open to professionals who have at least five years of experience in information technology, including at least three years of experience in data privacy solutions. Candidates must also meet the educational requirements and pass the certification exam to earn the CDPSE certification. CDPSE exam is offered at various times throughout the year and can be taken online or in person at an ISACA testing center.
To be eligible for the CDPSE certification, professionals must have at least five years of experience in privacy, with a minimum of three years in a leadership or advisory role. Additionally, candidates must pass the CDPSE exam, which consists of 150 multiple-choice questions that must be completed within four hours.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Which of the following activities would BEST enable an organization to identify gaps in its privacy posture?
- A. Conducting a simulation exercise that requires participants to respond to a privacy incident
- B. Requiring employees to review the organization's privacy policy on an annual basis
- C. Retargeting employees for awareness training after a social engineering attack
- D. Providing an interactive session on privacy risks at an organization-wide meeting
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
D) Requiring employees to review the organization's privacy policy on an annual basis Short Explanation: Requiring employees to review the organization's privacy policy on an annual basis is the best activity to enable an organization to identify gaps in its privacy posture because it can help to ensure that the employees are aware of the current privacy requirements, expectations, and practices of the organization. It can also help to identify any discrepancies, inconsistencies, or conflicts between the policy and the actual implementation of privacy controls and processes. By reviewing the policy regularly, the organization can also update and improve it as needed to reflect any changes in the privacy landscape, such as new laws, regulations, standards, or threats.
References:
* Privacy Policy Review Checklist, PrivacySense
* How to Write a Privacy Policy for Your Website, TermsFeed
NEW QUESTION # 52
Which of the following helps define data retention time is a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data?
- A. Data privacy standards
- B. Privacy impact assessments (PIAs)
- C. Data lake configuration
- D. Information security assessments
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
A privacy impact assessment (PIA) is a systematic process of identifying and evaluating the potential privacy risks and impacts of a data processing activity or system. A PIA helps to ensure that privacy is considered and integrated into the design and development of data processing activities or systems, and that privacy risks are mitigated or eliminated. A PIA also helps to determine the appropriate retention periods for personal data based on the purpose and necessity of the data processing, as well as the legal and regulatory obligations that apply to the data. Therefore, a PIA helps to define data retention time in a stream-fed data lake that includes personal data. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 99
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which of the following would MOST effectively reduce the impact of a successful breach through a remote access solution?
- A. Monitoring and reviewing remote access logs
- B. Regular physical and remote testing of the incident response plan
- C. Compartmentalizing resource access
- D. Regular testing of system backups
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
Compartmentalizing resource access is a security technique that divides a system or network into separate segments or zones with different levels of access and control, based on the sensitivity and value of the data or resources. Compartmentalizing resource access would most effectively reduce the impact of a successful breach through a remote access solution, as it would limit the scope and extent of the breach, and prevent unauthorized access to other segments or zones that contain more critical or sensitive data or resources. The other options are not as effective as compartmentalizing resource access in reducing the impact of a successful breach through a remote access solution. Regular testing of system backups is a security technique that verifies the availability and recoverability of data in case of a system failure or disaster, but it does not prevent or limit unauthorized access to data. Monitoring and reviewing remote access logs is a security technique that records and analyzes the activities and events related to remote access sessions, but it does not prevent or limit unauthorized access to data. Regular physical and remote testing of the incident response plan is a security technique that evaluates and improves the readiness and effectiveness of an organization's response to security incidents, but it does not prevent or limit unauthorized access to data1, p. 91-92 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)
NEW QUESTION # 54
A new marketing application needs to use data from the organization's customer database. Prior to the application using the data, which of the following should be done FIRST?
- A. Renew the encryption key to include the application.
- B. Determine what data is required by the application.
- C. De-identify all personal data in the database.
- D. Ensure the data loss prevention (DLP) tool is logging activity.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Before using data from the organization's customer database for a new marketing application, the first step should be to determine what data is required by the application and for what purpose. This will help to ensure that the data collection and processing are relevant, necessary, and proportionate to the intended use, and that the data minimization principle is followed. Data minimization means that only the minimum amount of personal data needed to achieve a specific purpose should be collected and processed, and that any excess or irrelevant data should be deleted or anonymized1. This will also help to comply with the data privacy laws and regulations that apply to the organization, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), which require organizations to inform data subjects about the types and purposes of data processing, and to obtain their consent if needed23.
References:
ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 2: Data Minimization, p. 61 ISACA, GDPR Data Protection Impact Assessments, p. 4-52 ISACA, CCPA vs. GDPR: Similarities and Differences, p. 1-23
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which of the following should an IT privacy practitioner do FIRST following a decision to expand remote working capability to all employees due to a global pandemic?
- A. Revisit the current remote working policies.
- B. Evaluate the impact resulting from this change.
- C. Enforce multi-factor authentication for remote access.
- D. Implement a virtual private network (VPN) tool.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The first step for an IT privacy practitioner following a decision to expand remote working capability is to evaluate the impact resulting from this change on the organization's privacy policies, programs and practices.
This will help identify the risks and gaps that need to be addressed, as well as the opportunities for improvement and optimization. The other options are possible actions that may be taken after the impact assessment, depending on the results and recommendations.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 1 - Privacy Governance (Governance, Management & Risk Management), Task 1: Identify issues requiring remediation and opportunities for process improvement1.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 1 - Privacy Governance, Section 1.3 - Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)2.
NEW QUESTION # 56
Which of the following vulnerabilities would have the GREATEST impact on the privacy of information?
- A. Lack of password complexity
- B. Out-of-date antivirus signatures
- C. Poor patch management
- D. Private key exposure
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 57
It is MOST important to consider privacy by design principles during which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC)?
- A. Requirements definition
- B. Testing
- C. Implementation
- D. Application design
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 58
Data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice. Which of the following is the BEST way to address this concern?
- A. Re-assess the information security requirements.
- B. Validate contract compliance.
- C. Review the privacy policy.
- D. Obtain independent assurance of current practices.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The best way to address the concern that data collected by a third-party vendor and provided back to the organization may not be protected according to the organization's privacy notice is to validate contract compliance. This means that the organization should verify that the third-party vendor is adhering to the terms and conditions of the contract, which should include clauses on data protection, privacy, and security. The contract should also specify the obligations and responsibilities of both parties regarding data collection, processing, storage, transfer, retention, and disposal. By validating contract compliance, the organization can ensure that the third-party vendor is following the same privacy standards and practices as the organization.
References:
* ISACA, CDPSE Review Manual 2021, Chapter 2: Privacy Governance, Section 2.3: Third-Party Management, p. 51-52.
* ISACA, Data Privacy Audit/Assurance Program, Control Objective 8: Third-Party Management, p. 14-151
NEW QUESTION # 59
Which of the following is a responsibility of the audit function in helping an organization address privacy compliance requirements?
- A. Validating the privacy framework
- B. Establishing employee privacy rights and consent
- C. Managing privacy notices provided to customers
- D. Approving privacy impact assessments (PIAs)
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
Validating the privacy framework is a responsibility of the audit function in helping an organization address privacy compliance requirements, as it would help to verify and validate the effectiveness and adequacy of the privacy framework implemented by the organization to comply with privacy principles, laws and regulations.
Validating the privacy framework would also help to identify and report any gaps, weaknesses or issues in the privacy framework, and to provide recommendations for improvement or remediation. The other options are not responsibilities of the audit function in helping an organization address privacy compliance requirements.
Approving privacy impact assessments (PIAs) is a responsibility of management or governance function in helping an organization address privacy compliance requirements, as they would have authority and accountability for approving PIAs conducted by project teams or business units before implementing any system, project, program or initiative that involves personal data processing activities. Managing privacy notices provided to customers is a responsibility of operational function in helping an organization address privacy compliance requirements, as they would have direct contact and interaction with customers and would be responsible for providing clear and accurate information about how their personal data is collected, used, disclosed and transferred by the organization.
NEW QUESTION # 60
When choosing data sources to be used within a big data architecture, which of the following data attributes MUST be considered to ensure data is not aggregated?
- A. Reliability
- B. Consistency
- C. Granularity
- D. Accuracy
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 61
When is the BEST time during the secure development life cycle to perform privacy threat modeling?
- A. When identifying business requirements
- B. During functional verification testing
- C. Prior to the production release
- D. Early in the design phase
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The best time during the secure development life cycle to perform privacy threat modeling is early in the design phase, because this will help identify and mitigate the potential privacy risks and vulnerabilities of the system or application before they become costly or difficult to fix. Privacy threat modeling is a systematic process of analyzing the data flows, assets, actors, and scenarios of a system or application to identify and prioritize the privacy threats and countermeasures12. Performing privacy threat modeling early in the design phase will also help ensure that privacy is built into the system or application from the start, rather than as an afterthought.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 2 - Privacy Architecture (Privacy Architecture Implementation), Task 2: Implement privacy solutions3.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 2 - Privacy Architecture, Section 2.3 - Privacy Architecture Implementation4.
NEW QUESTION # 62
Which of the following provides the BEST assurance that a potential vendor is able to comply with privacy regulations and the organization's data privacy policy?
- A. Including mandatory compliance language in the request for proposal (RFP)
- B. Conducting a risk assessment of all candidate vendors
- C. Obtaining self-attestations from all candidate vendors
- D. Requiring candidate vendors to provide documentation of privacy processes
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
Conducting a risk assessment of all candidate vendors is the best way to provide assurance that a potential vendor is able to comply with privacy regulations and the organization's data privacy policy, because it allows the organization to evaluate the vendor's privacy practices, controls, and performance against a set of criteria and standards. A risk assessment can also help to identify any gaps, weaknesses, or threats that may pose a risk to the organization's data privacy objectives and obligations. A risk assessment can be based on various sources of information, such as self-attestations, documentation, audits, or independent verification. A risk assessment can also help to prioritize the vendors based on their level of risk and impact, and to determine the appropriate mitigation or monitoring actions.
References:
* 8 Steps to Manage Vendor Data Privacy Compliance, DocuSign
* Supplier Security and Privacy Assurance (SSPA) program, Microsoft Learn
NEW QUESTION # 63
Which of the following should be done FIRST when a data collection process is deemed to be a high-level risk?
- A. Create a system of records notice (SORN).
- B. Conduct a privacy Impact assessment (PIA).
- C. Perform a business impact analysis (BIA).
- D. Implement remediation actions to mitigate privacy risk.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The first thing to do when a data collection process is deemed to be a high-level risk is to conduct a privacy impact assessment (PIA). A PIA is a systematic process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of personal data processing operations on the privacy of individuals and the organization. A PIA helps to identify privacy risks and mitigation strategies at an early stage of the data collection process and ensures compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. A PIA also helps to demonstrate accountability and transparency to stakeholders and data subjects regarding how their personal data are collected, used, shared, stored, or deleted.
Performing a business impact analysis (BIA), implementing remediation actions to mitigate privacy risk, or creating a system of records notice (SORN) are also important steps for managing privacy risk, but they are not the first thing to do. Performing a BIA is a process of analyzing the potential impacts of disruptive events on the organization's critical functions, processes, resources, or objectives. A BIA helps to determine the recovery priorities, strategies, and objectives for the organization in case of a disaster or crisis. Implementing remediation actions is a process of applying corrective or preventive measures to reduce or eliminate the privacy risks identified by the PIA or other methods. Remediation actions may include technical, organizational, or legal solutions, such as encryption, access control, consent management, or contractual clauses. Creating a SORN is a process of publishing a public notice that describes the existence and purpose of a system of records that contains personal data under the control of a federal agency. A SORN helps to inform the public about how their personal data are collected and maintained by the agency and what rights they have regarding their data.
References: Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) - European Commission, Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) | ICO, Privacy Impact Assessments | HHS.gov
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which of the following is MOST important to ensure when developing a business case for the procurement of a new IT system that will process and store personal information?
- A. The system architecture is clearly defined.
- B. A risk assessment has been completed.
- C. Data protection requirements are included.
- D. Security controls are clearly defined.
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 65
An organization is creating a personal data processing register to document actions taken with personal dat a. Which of the following categories should document controls relating to periods of retention for personal data?
- A. Data acquisition
- B. Data storage
- C. Data archiving
- D. Data input
Answer: C
Explanation:
However, the risks associated with long-term retention have compelled organizations to consider alternatives; one is data archival, the process of preparing data for long-term storage. When organizations are bound by specific laws to retain data for many years, archival provides a viable opportunity to remove data from online transaction systems to other systems or media.
NEW QUESTION # 66
Which of the following should be considered personal information?
- A. University affiliation
- B. Biometric records
- C. Company address
- D. Age
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 67
Which of the following is MOST important to include in a data use policy?
- A. The requirements for collecting and using personal data
- B. The method used to delete or destroy personal data
- C. The length of time personal data will be retained
- D. The reason for collecting and using personal data
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A data use policy is a document that defines the rules and guidelines for how personal data are collected, used, stored, shared and deleted by an organization. It is an important part of data governance and compliance, as it helps to ensure that personal data are handled in a lawful, fair and transparent manner, respecting the rights and preferences of data subjects. A data use policy should include the requirements for collecting and using personal data, such as the legal basis, the purpose, the scope, the consent, the data minimization, the accuracy, the security and the accountability. These requirements help to establish the legitimacy and necessity of data processing activities, and to prevent unauthorized or excessive use of personal data.
References:
* ISACA Privacy Notice & Usage Disclosures, section 2.1: "We collect Personal Information from you when you provide it to us directly or through a third party who has assured us that they have obtained your consent."
* Chapter Privacy Policy - Singapore Chapter - ISACA, section 2: "We will collect your personal data in accordance with the PDPA either directly from you or your authorized representatives, and/or through our third party service providers."
* Data Minimization-A Practical Approach - ISACA, section 2: "Enterprises may only collect as much data as are necessary for the purposes defined at the time of collection, which may also be set out in a privacy notice (sometimes referred to as a privacy statement, a fair processing statement or a privacy policy)."
* Establishing Enterprise Roles for Data Protection - ISACA, section 3: "Data governance is typically implemented in organizations through policies, guidelines, tools and access controls."
NEW QUESTION # 68
Which of the following processes BEST enables an organization to maintain the quality of personal data?
- A. Updating the data quality standard through periodic review
- B. Maintaining hashes to detect changes in data
- C. Implementing routine automatic validation
- D. Encrypting personal data at rest
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation
The best way to maintain the quality of personal data is to implement routine automatic validation, which is a process of checking the accuracy, completeness, consistency, and timeliness of the data using automated tools or scripts. Routine automatic validation can help identify and correct any errors, anomalies, or discrepancies in the data, as well as ensure that the data meets the specified quality standards and requirements. Routine automatic validation can also help improve the efficiency and reliability of the data processing and analysis12.
References:
* CDPSE Exam Content Outline, Domain 3 - Data Lifecycle (Data Quality), Task 2: Implement data quality measures3.
* CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3 - Data Lifecycle, Section 3.2 - Data Quality4.
NEW QUESTION # 69
Which of the following is the BEST practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media?
- A. Data encryption
- B. Data scrambling
- C. Data masking
- D. Data sanitization
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The best practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media is B. Data sanitization.
A comprehensive explanation is:
Data sanitization is the process of permanently and irreversibly erasing or destroying the data on a storage device or media, such as a hard drive, a USB drive, a CD/DVD, etc. Data sanitization ensures that the data cannot be recovered or reconstructed by any means, even by using specialized software or hardware tools.
Data sanitization is also known as data wiping, data erasure, data destruction, or data disposal.
Data sanitization is the best practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it prevents unauthorized access, disclosure, theft, or misuse of the sensitive or confidential data that may be stored on the media. Data sanitization also helps to comply with the legal and regulatory requirements and standards for data protection and privacy, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), etc.
There are different methods and techniques for data sanitization, depending on the type and format of the storage device or media. Some of the common methods are:
Overwriting: Overwriting replaces the existing data on the device or media with random or meaningless data, such as zeros, ones, or patterns. Overwriting can be done multiple times to increase the level of security and assurance. Overwriting is suitable for magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or tapes.
Degaussing: Degaussing exposes the device or media to a strong magnetic field that disrupts and destroys the magnetic structure and alignment of the data. Degaussing renders the device or media unusable and unreadable. Degaussing is suitable for magnetic media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs) or tapes.
Physical Destruction: Physical destruction involves applying physical force or damage to the device or media that breaks it into small pieces or shreds it. Physical destruction can be done by using mechanical tools, such as shredders, crushers, drills, hammers, etc., or by using thermal methods, such as incineration, melting, etc. Physical destruction is suitable for any type of media, such as hard disk drives (HDDs), solid state drives (SSDs), USB drives, CDs/DVDs, etc.
Data encryption (A) is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data encryption only transforms the data into an unreadable format that can only be accessed with a key or a password. However, if the key or password is lost, stolen, compromised, or guessed by an attacker, the data can still be decrypted and exposed. Data encryption is more suitable for protecting data in transit or at rest, but not for disposing data.
Data scrambling is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data scrambling only rearranges the order of the bits or bytes of the data to make it appear random or meaningless. However, if the algorithm or pattern of scrambling is known or discovered by an attacker, the data can still be unscrambled and restored. Data scrambling is more suitable for obfuscating data for testing or debugging purposes, but not for disposing data.
Data masking (D) is not a good practice to protect data privacy when disposing removable backup media because it does not erase or destroy the data on the media. Data masking only replaces some parts of the data with fictitious or anonymized values to hide its true identity or meaning. However, if the original data is still stored somewhere else or if the masking technique is weak or reversible by an attacker, the data can still be unmasked and revealed. Data masking is more suitable for protecting data in use or in analysis, but not for disposing data.
References:
What Is Data Sanitization?1
How to securely erase hard drives (HDDs) and solid state drives (SSDs)2 Secure Data Disposal & Destruction: 6 Methods to Follow3
NEW QUESTION # 70
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The CDPSE certification is ideal for professionals who are responsible for managing data privacy and protection within their organizations. This includes individuals who work in IT, risk management, compliance, legal, and other related fields. By earning this certification, professionals can demonstrate their commitment to data privacy and protection and their ability to effectively manage data-related risks.
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